Inzira Inyandiko zishobora kwihutisha amashusho ya Muhinduzi

Kwandukura no gutunganya amashusho

Impuzandengo ya firime isanzwe ifite uburebure bwamasaha 2, menshi cyangwa munsi. Niba ari byiza, birashoboka ko uzumva ko igihe kiguruka kandi ntuzabona ko hashize iminota 120. Ariko wigeze utekereza igihe kinini nimbaraga zo gukora firime bisaba?

Mbere ya byose, buri firime yigeze ikorwa yatangiranye igitekerezo. Umuntu yatekereje umugambi, inyuguti namakimbirane mumateka nkuru. Noneho mubisanzwe haza inyandiko ivuga umugambi muburyo burambuye, isobanura igenamiterere kandi mubisanzwe irimo ibiganiro. Ibi bikurikirwa nibibaho. Ikibaho cyamateka kirimo ibishushanyo byerekana amafuti agiye gufatwa amashusho, kuburyo byoroshye kubantu bose babigizemo uruhare kubona amashusho yose. Noneho dufite ikibazo cyabakinnyi, casting zateguwe kugirango turebe ninde ukwiranye na buri ruhare.

Mbere yo gufata amashusho ya firime itangira, hashyizweho ahantu hagomba kubakwa cyangwa ahantu nyaburanga hagomba kuboneka. Mugihe cya kabiri ni ngombwa kwemeza neza ko hari umwanya uhagije kubakinnyi n'abakozi. Gusura ahantu mbere yo kurasa ni ngombwa kuri ibi, kandi no kugenzura urumuri no kureba niba hari urusaku cyangwa ihungabana risa.

Nyuma yo gutegura igenamigambi ryose rimaze gukorwa, amaherezo turagera mubikorwa byo gufata amashusho. Birashoboka ko noneho mubitekerezo byawe haza ishusho ya stereotypical yumuyobozi wa firime kumurongo wicaye ku ntebe ye yoroheje izenguruka uruhande rumwe. Hanyuma arangurura ijwi ati "Igikorwa" mugihe firime ifashe amashyi ya clapperboard. Clapperboard ikoreshwa mugufasha guhuza amashusho nijwi, no gushiraho ibimenyetso kuva byafashwe nkuko byafashwe amajwi. Noneho, iyo gufata amashusho kuri se birangiye tubona firime? Nibyo, ntabwo mubyukuri. Inzira yose ntirarangira neza kandi niba utekereza ko ibintu byose byavuzwe kugeza ubu byatwara igihe kirekire, nyamuneka wihangane. Kuberako ubu itangiye igice nyuma yumusaruro.

Filime imaze gufatwa, kubanyamwuga bamwe bakora mubikorwa bya firime, akazi kari hafi gutangira. Umwe muribo ni abanditsi ba videwo. Abanditsi bahura nibibazo byinshi mugihe cyo gutunganya amashusho yafashwe. Bashinzwe amashusho yose ya kamera, ariko kandi ingaruka zidasanzwe, ibara numuziki. Igikorwa cyo guhindura niba kiri kure yoroshye. Kandi umurimo wabo wingenzi ni ngombwa rwose: bagomba kuzana firime nyayo mubuzima.

Amashusho mbisi - ikirundo kinini cyamadosiye agamije guhindurwa

Nkuko ushobora kuba usanzwe ubizi, abayobozi ba firime bamwe ni stikeri kubisobanuro birambuye kandi birashoboka ko ariryo banga ryabo ryo gutsinda. Amashusho amwe arasaba byinshi gufata kugirango abayobozi banyurwe. Kugeza ubu ushobora gutekereza ko gutunganya firime ari akazi gatwara igihe. Kandi urabizi neza neza kubyerekeye.

Mbere yuko firime ihindurwa, dufite ibyuma bisohora kamera, ibyo bita amashusho mbisi - aribyo byose byafashwe amajwi mugihe cyo gufata amashusho. Aha reka tujye mubintu bimwe hanyuma dusobanure ijambo kurasa. Abayobozi burigihe barasa ibirenze ibyo bakeneye, mubisanzwe rero ntabwo ibikoresho byose bigenda kuri ecran kugirango babone rubanda. Ikigereranyo cyo kurasa cyerekana amashusho agiye guta. Filime ifite igipimo cyo kurasa cya 2: 1 yaba yarashe inshuro ebyiri amashusho yakoreshejwe mubicuruzwa byanyuma. Kubera ko kurasa bitakirihenze cyane, igipimo cyo kurasa cyazamutse cyane mu myaka 20 ishize. Mubihe byashize byahoze ari bike, ariko uyumunsi ibiciro byo kurasa ni 200: 1. Kubishyira mumagambo yoroshye twavuga ko mugitangira gahunda yo gutunganya hari amasaha agera kuri 400 yamashusho mbisi yari akeneye kugenzurwa no gukosorwa kuburyo amaherezo ibicuruzwa byanyuma ari firime yamasaha abiri. Nkuko twabisobanuye, ntabwo amafuti yose azayinjira muri firime: amwe ntabwo afite agaciro kinkuru kandi amwe arimo amakosa, imirongo itavuzwe nabi, aseka nibindi. Nubwo bimeze bityo, ayo mashusho yose ni igice cyamashusho mbisi aho abanditsi bahitamo. hanyuma dushyire hamwe inkuru nziza. Amashusho mbisi ni dosiye zakozwe muburyo bwihariye kugirango amakuru yose agumane. Nibikorwa byumwanditsi guca digitale dosiye, gushyira hamwe urukurikirane rwa firime no guhitamo ibikoreshwa nibidakoreshwa. Yahinduye amashusho mbisi mu buryo bwa gihanga azirikana ko akeneye ibicuruzwa byanyuma.

Abanditsi ba firime rwose bishimiye kumenya ko mubikorwa bya firime ibintu bigenda bitera imbere mubijyanye nikoranabuhanga bivuze kuri bo bivuze gukora neza. Iyo tuvuga kubyerekeranye n'umusaruro, dushobora kuvuga ko ari byinshi kandi bibera kuri dosiye kandi kaseti gakondo ntigikoreshwa cyane. Ibi bituma akazi kubanditsi byoroha gato, ariko kandi, ayo mashusho yamashusho mbisi ntabikwa murutonde, kandi ikibazo kirakomeye niba kamera nyinshi zirasa ahantu.

Hariho kandi ikindi kintu gifasha abanditsi: inyandiko-mvugo yabaye ibikoresho bifasha inzira yo guhindura mu koroshya, cyane cyane mugihe ibiganiro bitanditswe. Mugihe cyo gushaka gufata neza, inyandiko-mvugo ni umukiza wubuzima. Iyo ishami rishinzwe guhindura inyandiko-mvugo, bivuze ko umwanditsi atagomba gushakisha amagambo n'amagambo y'ingenzi kandi ntagomba kurenga hejuru y'amashusho mbisi. Niba afite inyandiko yanditse kumaboko biroroshye kandi byihuse gushakisha binyuze mubikorwa byo guhindura. Ibi bifasha cyane cyane mubibazo bya documentaire, kubaza no kwibanda kumatsinda.

Inyandiko-mvugo nziza izaha umwanditsi imvugo-y-inyandiko-mashusho yerekana amashusho, ariko, nibiba ngombwa, hamwe na timestamp, amazina yabavuga, imvugo mvugo (amagambo yose yuzuza nka "Uh!", " Oh! ”,“ Ah! ”). Kandi ntiwumve, inyandiko-mvugo ntigomba kubamo ikibonezamvugo cyangwa imyandikire.

Igihe cyagenwe

Timecode igira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gufata amashusho, ni ukuvuga mugukora amashusho kuko bifasha guhuza kamera ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi. Bituma kandi bishoboka guhuza amajwi na videwo byafashwe amajwi bitandukanye. Mugihe cyo gukora firime, umufasha wa kamera mubisanzwe yandika itangiriro nigihe cyo kurangira. Amakuru azoherezwa kuri editor kugirango akoreshwe mu kwerekana ayo masasu. Byakorwaga n'intoki ukoresheje ikaramu n'impapuro, ariko uyumunsi bikorwa mubisanzwe ukoresheje software ihujwe na kamera. Timecode ni ingingo zerekana kandi nkizo zibika umwanya. Ariko umwanditsi wa firime aracyakeneye kureba amashusho mabi kandi ibi bifata igihe. Inyandiko zishobora gufasha muriki kibazo, ariko ibi birumvikana gusa niba inyandiko-mvugo ifite ingengabihe (birumvikana ko igomba guhuzwa nigihe cyagenwe na firime). Ibi bituma bishoboka ko producer yandika ibisobanuro ku nyandiko-mvugo izafasha umwanditsi akazi ke. Muhinduzi azarushaho gutanga umusaruro, kuko atagomba kuva mumurimo umwe (kureba amashusho) akajya mubindi bikorwa (guhindura amashusho). Nta guhinduranya imirimo, bivuze kandi ko umwanditsi atazabura umuvuduko kandi azibanda cyane kumirimo igomba gukorwa.

Kwamamaza

Inyandiko zishobora kugira uruhare runini mu nganda za televiziyo. Reka dufate urugero kuri TV. Irashobora gutambuka imbonankubone, ariko myinshi nayo yanditswe kugirango irebe nyuma. Akenshi, dufite reruns za TV zizwi cyane. Ni kangahe wabonye Inshuti cyangwa Oprah? Usibye ibyo urashobora kubona ibitaramo ukunda no kuri serivise zitangwa, ureba kubisabwa. Ibi byose bivuze kandi ko kwamamaza bigomba guhinduka rimwe na rimwe. Rimwe na rimwe, ibipimo bya tereviziyo birahinduka kandi byamamaza byinshi bigomba gushyirwamo intego zamafaranga, bityo televiziyo igomba guhinduka kugirango hongerwemo iminota mike yinyongera yamamaza. Na none kandi, inyandiko-mvugo izafasha abanditsi, kubera ko byoroshye gusikana igice cyerekana televiziyo no gushyiramo amashusho mashya yubucuruzi nta kibazo.

Ongera usubiremo

Imiyoboro ya tereviziyo, abatunganya amafilime, amasosiyete menshi ya media akoresha transcript kubera impamvu. Niba uri umwanditsi ugomba kugerageza kwinjiza inyandiko mvugo mugikorwa cyawe cyo guhindura. Uzabona ko utera imbere neza. Hamwe n'ibiganiro byose mumyandikire ya digitale, uzashobora kubona vuba icyo urimo gushaka. Ntuzakenera kunyura mumasaha n'amasaha y'amashusho mbisi, bityo wowe hamwe nitsinda ryanyu muzagira umwanya munini wo kwibanda kubindi bintu.

Ni ngombwa ko ubona serivise yizewe itanga serivise, nka Gglot izatanga mugihe gito itanga amashusho mabi neza. Dukorana gusa nabimura babigize umwuga bahuguwe byuzuye kandi babishoboye kandi basinya amasezerano yo kutamenyekanisha, urashobora kutwizera nibikoresho byawe.