Zomwe Zingatheke za Artificial Intelligence

Kodi Zina Zowopsa Zotani Zokhudza Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence, kapena AI monga imatchulidwira nthawi zambiri, ndi nkhani yomwe yakhala ikukambidwa kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Ikukula mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi ambiri azikhala osavuta komanso ogwira mtima. Ngakhale m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu ambiri AI yawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu ndipo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'mapulogalamu ambiri osiyanasiyana, kupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta komanso wosavuta. AI yabweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa ife ndipo sayansi ikutsegulira njira zina zambiri zomwe zikubwera kotero ndizotheka kunena kuti AI idzakhala yofunika kwambiri mtsogolo, ngati sichoncho.

Koma monga mendulo iliyonse ili ndi mbali ziwiri, momwemonso AI. Tekinoloje iyi imabweranso ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zingatheke komanso zovuta zake. Akatswiri ambiri komanso akatswiri aukadaulo anthawi yathu ino akuwonetsa nkhawa zawo pamavuto omwe AI angadzetse mtsogolo ndipo chifukwa chake tiyenera kusamala kuti tithane ndi mavutowa akadali okonzeka kuwongoleredwa. Kodi tikutanthauza chiyani pamenepa?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pokhudzana ndi izi. M'nkhaniyi tiyesa kufotokoza zina mwazowopsa zomwe chitukuko chachangu cha AI chingabweretse kudziko lathu komanso njira zomwe zikuyenera kutsatiridwa kuti tiwunikire ndikuwongolera kupita patsogolo komweko.

1. Ntchito

Tili otsimikiza kuti aliyense anali ndi mwayi womva kapena kuwerenga za zinthu zomwe makina ndi makina opangira makina angabweretse kusukulu zakale, malo ogwirira ntchito a anthu. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi nkhawa zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha makina omwe amabera ntchito zawo. Mantha amenewo atha kukhala otsimikizika, makina opangira ntchito ndi pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu ambiri: pafupifupi 25% ya aku America atha kutaya ntchito chifukwa nthawi ina makina azitha kuwasintha. Makamaka omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi malo amalipiro otsika pomwe munthu amagwira ntchito zobwerezabwereza, monga ntchito za utsogoleri kapena ntchito yopereka chakudya. Komabe, ngakhale omaliza maphunziro aku yunivesite ali pachiwopsezo, njira zophunzirira zamakina zapamwamba zitha kuwasintha m'malo ena ovuta pantchito chifukwa akukhala oyengedwa kwambiri, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito ma neural network komanso kuphunzira mozama.

Koma sitinganene kwenikweni kuti maloboti adzakankhira anthu kunja kwa msika wa ntchito. Ogwira ntchito azingoyenera kusintha, kudziphunzitsa okha ndikupeza njira yogwirira ntchito mogwirizana ndi AI, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino luso lake komanso kulingalira kwamakina. AI sinali yangwiro, mwachitsanzo, siyingathe kuyimba mlandu, chifukwa chake anthu amakhalabe otsimikiza pogwira ntchito limodzi ndi makina.

Pali ukadaulo wochuluka wa AI womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mayankho okhazikika omwe amayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndipo maphunzirowa amadalira zomwe anthu apanga. Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi zomasulira zamakina zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi zomasulira zambiri zopangidwa ndi anthu. Chitsanzo china chabwino ndi mapulogalamu a transcript omwe amapeza deta yophunzitsira kuchokera ku zolembedwa zolondola zochitidwa ndi akatswiri olemba anthu. Mwanjira iyi pulogalamuyo imakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikukonzanso ma aligorivimu ake kudzera mu zitsanzo zenizeni za moyo. Olemba anthu amapindula ndi mapulogalamuwa chifukwa amawathandiza kupanga zolemba mofulumira. Pulogalamuyi imapanga zolembedwa movutikira, zomwe zimasinthidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi wolembayo. Izi zimapulumutsa nthawi yambiri, ndipo zikutanthauza kuti pamapeto pake chomaliza chidzaperekedwa mofulumira ndipo chidzakhala cholondola.

2. Vuto la kukondera

Chinthu chabwino pa ma algorithms ndikuti nthawi zonse amapanga zisankho zachilungamo, zopanda tsankho, mosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu omvera komanso okhudzidwa. Kapena amatero? Chowonadi ndi chakuti njira yopangira zisankho ya pulogalamu iliyonse yodzipangira yokha imadalira deta yomwe adaphunzitsidwa. Choncho, pali chiopsezo cha tsankho nthawi zina pamene mwachitsanzo gawo lina la anthu siliyimiridwa mokwanira muzogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapulogalamu ozindikira nkhope akufufuzidwa kale pa ena mwa mavutowa, milandu ya tsankho idachitika kale.

Chitsanzo chimodzi chabwino cha momwe nzeru zopangira zingakhalire zokondera ndi COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profile for Alternative Sanctions). Ichi ndi chida chowunikira zoopsa ndi zofunikira pakulosera za chiwopsezo chobwereranso pakati pa olakwira. Chida ichi chozikidwa pa algorithm chidafufuzidwa ndipo zotsatira zawonetsa kuti data ya COMPAS inali yokondera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi deta, otsutsa a ku Africa-America anali okhoza kuweruzidwa molakwika kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chobwerezabwereza kusiyana ndi mitundu ina. Algorithm idakondanso kupanga cholakwika chosiyana ndi anthu amtundu woyera.

Ndiye chinachitika ndi chiyani apa? Ma aligorivimu amadalira deta kotero ngati deta ili ndi tsankho, pulogalamuyo ikhoza kuperekanso zotsatira zokondera. Nthawi zina zimakhalanso ndi chochita ndi momwe deta inasonkhanitsira.

Ukadaulo Wozindikira Kulankhula Modzichitira Ukhozanso kukondera kutengera jenda kapena fuko chifukwa mfundo zamaphunziro sizimasankhidwiratu zomwe zingatsimikizire kuti onse aphatikizidwa.

3. Zokhudza chitetezo

Pali zovuta zina zanzeru zopanga zomwe ndi zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa ngozi. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zaukadaulo wa AI wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi galimoto yodziyendetsa yokha. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ili ndi tsogolo la zoyendera. Koma chachikulu chomwe chikulepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa magalimoto odziyendetsa okha mumsewu ndizovuta zake zomwe zitha kuyika moyo wa okwera ndi oyenda pansi pachiwopsezo. Mkangano wokhudza kuwopseza komwe magalimoto odziyimira pawokha angabweretse m'misewu akadali weniweni. Pali anthu amene amaganiza kuti ngozi zingachepe ngati magalimoto odziyendetsa okha ataloledwa pamsewu. Kumbali inayi, pali maphunziro omwe awonetsa kuti angayambitse ngozi zambiri, chifukwa zochita zawo zambiri zidzatengera zomwe woyendetsa amasankha. Tsopano zili kwa opanga kusankha pakati pa chitetezo ndi moyo wa anthu ndi zokonda za okwera (monga liwiro lapakati ndi machitidwe ena oyendetsa). Cholinga chachikulu cha magalimoto odziyendetsa pawokha mulimonsemo chiyenera kukhala kuchepetsa ngozi zapamsewu, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera bwino za AI ndi masensa apamwamba omwe amatha kuzindikira komanso kuneneratu zochitika zilizonse zamagalimoto. Komabe, moyo weniweni nthawi zonse umakhala wovuta kwambiri kuposa pulogalamu iliyonse, kotero zofooka za teknolojiyi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwake. Vuto lina ndi kukhulupirirana. Kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri komanso zaka zambiri zoyendetsa galimoto, kuyika chidaliro chonse m'manja mwa digito kumatha kuwoneka ngati kukopa kophiphiritsa kumayendedwe a digito. Mulimonsemo, mpaka zonsezi zitathetsedwa, njira zina zamakono zamakono zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto atsopano, ndipo madalaivala aumunthu angapindule ndi masensa osiyanasiyana, njira zothandizira braking ndi maulendo apanyanja.

4. Zolinga zoipa

Ukadaulo uyenera kuthandiza zosowa za anthu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti moyo wawo ukhale wosavuta, wosangalatsa komanso uyenera kupulumutsa nthawi yamtengo wapatali ya aliyense. Koma nthawi zina ukadaulo wa AI umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zoyipa, mwanjira yomwe imayika pachiwopsezo chachikulu pachitetezo chathu chakuthupi, digito ndi ndale.

• Chitetezo chakuthupi: Chiwopsezo chimodzi cha AI, chomwe chimamveka chodabwitsa poyamba ndipo chingakukhumudwitseni ku mafupa anu, ndi nkhondo yomwe ingakhalepo pakati pa mayiko otsogola paukadaulo, yochitidwa ndi zida zodziyimira pawokha zokonzedwa kuti ziphe mwankhanza komanso mwankhanza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera chitukuko chaukadaulo wankhondo wotere kudzera m'mapangano, malamulo ndi zilango, kuti titeteze anthu ku chiwopsezo chowopsa chankhondo za AI.
• Chitetezo cha digito: Obera ali kale chiwopsezo ku chitetezo chathu cha digito ndipo pulogalamu ya AI ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale pakubera kwapamwamba. Ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu amenewa, hackers adzakhala aluso mu zolakwa zawo ndi kudziwika wathu Intaneti adzakhala pachiopsezo kuba. Zinsinsi zanu zachinsinsi zitha kusokonezedwa kwambiri ndi pulogalamu yaumbanda yosadziwika bwino, yoyendetsedwa ndi AI ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yowopsa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira mozama. Tangoganizani mbala ya digito, yobisalira kumbuyo kwa mapulogalamu omwe mumawakonda, kukhala ochenjera kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphunzira kuchokera ku zitsanzo zenizeni miliyoni zakugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndikupanga mbava zodziwika bwino potengera zomwe datayo.

• Chitetezo chandale: m'nthawi yamavuto yomwe tikukhalamo, kuopa nkhani zabodza komanso kujambula kwachinyengo kuli koyenera. AI ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma disinformation, zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa pazisankho.

Chotero, pomalizira pake, tingadzifunse eni mmene luntha lochita kupanga lingawonongere ife ndi mmene lingapweteketse anthu kuposa ubwino.

Akatswiri amanena kuti chitukuko cha makhalidwe abwino ndi mabungwe olamulira adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pankhani yochepetsera kuipa komwe nzeru zopangapanga zingabweretse m'miyoyo yathu. Chilichonse chomwe chingachitike, tili otsimikiza kuti chidzakhudza kwambiri dziko lathu m'tsogolomu.

Mapulogalamu ozindikira maulankhulidwe, ozikidwa pa ma protocol apamwamba a AI akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale, ndipo amabweretsa zabwino zambiri kudziko labizinesi: kuyenda kwa ntchito kumakhala kofulumira komanso kosavuta. Gglot ndi osewera wamkulu pankhaniyi ndipo tikuika ndalama zambiri kuti tipititse patsogolo ukadaulo wathu.