Uruhare rwubwenge bwubuhanga no kwiga imashini mukumenya imvugo
Uruhare rwubwenge bwubuhanga no kwiga imashini mukumenya imvugo
Igihe kinini, abantu bifuzaga gushobora kuvugana nimashini. Kuva batangira kubaka mudasobwa, abahanga naba injeniyeri bagerageje kwinjiza imvugo mubikorwa. Mu mwaka wa 1962, IBM yazanye Shoebox, imashini imenyekanisha imvugo ishobora gukora imibare yoroshye. Iki gikoresho gishya cyamenyekanye kandi gisubiza amagambo 16 yavuzwe, harimo imibare icumi kuva kuri "0" kugeza kuri "9." Iyo havuzwe umubare numabwiriza yamagambo nka "plus," "gukuramo" na "byose", Shoebox yategetse imashini yongeramo kubara no gucapa ibisubizo kubibazo byoroshye byimibare. Shoebox yakoreshwaga no kuvuga mikoro, ihindura amajwi mu mashanyarazi. Umuzenguruko wo gupima washyize mubikorwa izo mbaraga ukurikije ubwoko butandukanye bwamajwi hanyuma ukora imashini yongeweho yifashishije sisitemu ya relay.
Hamwe nigihe, iri koranabuhanga ryateye imbere kandi uyumunsi benshi muritwe dusanzwe dukorana na mudasobwa kumajwi. Abafasha mu majwi bazwi cyane muri iki gihe ni Alexa na Amazon, Siri na Apple, Google Assistant na Cortana na Microsoft. Aba bafasha barashobora gukora imirimo cyangwa serivisi kumuntu ku giti cye ashingiye kumabwiriza cyangwa ibibazo. Bashoboye gusobanura imvugo yabantu no gusubiza bakoresheje amajwi. Abakoresha barashobora kubaza abafasha babo ibibazo, kugenzura ibikoresho byo murugo no gukinisha itangazamakuru ukoresheje ijwi, kandi bagacunga indi mirimo yibanze nka imeri, urutonde-rwo gukora, na kalendari hamwe namabwiriza yamagambo. Uko dukoresha ibyo bikoresho bikoresha amajwi niko turushaho kuba biterwa n'ubwenge bwa artile (AI) no kwiga imashini.
Ubwenge bwa gihanga (AI)
Iyo uvuze ubwenge bwubukorikori (AI), abantu benshi bashobora gutekereza ko uvuga ibihimbano bya siyanse, nubwo AI yinjiye mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Mubyukuri, hashize imyaka mirongo. Ariko ukuri ni uko, mu byukuri ni ibihimbano bya siyansi mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 yamenyereye rubanda na robo zifite ubwenge busa n'abantu. Mu myaka ya za 50 imyumvire ya AI yaje kwiyongera cyane yibanda ku bahanga n'abahanga mu bya filozofiya. Muri kiriya gihe, umusore w’imibare w’umwongereza Alan Turing yatanze igitekerezo ko nta mpamvu yatuma imashini zidashobora (nkabantu) gukemura ibibazo no gufata ibyemezo bishingiye kumakuru ahari. Ariko muri kiriya gihe, mudasobwa ntizari zifite amahirwe yo gufata mu mutwe urufunguzo rwubwenge. Ibyo bakoze byose byari ugukurikiza amategeko. Ariko na none, Alan Turing niwe washyizeho intego yibanze nicyerekezo cyubwenge bwubuhanga.
Azwi cyane nka se wa AI ni John McCarthy wahimbye ijambo ubwenge bwubuhanga . Kuri we AI yari: "siyanse nubuhanga bwo gukora imashini zifite ubwenge". Ubu busobanuro bwatanzwe mu nama yabereye muri Dartmouth College mu 1956 kandi byerekana intangiriro yubushakashatsi bwa AI. Kuva icyo gihe AI yarateye imbere.
Mwisi yisi ya none ubwenge bwubukorikori burahari hose. Bimaze kumenyekana cyane bitewe nubunini bwamakuru, algorithms zateye imbere, hamwe no kunoza imbaraga zo kubara no kubika. Ahanini porogaramu ya AI ihujwe nimirimo yubwenge. Dukoresha AI mubisobanuro, ikintu, isura no kumenyekanisha imvugo, gutahura ingingo, gusesengura amashusho yubuvuzi, gutunganya ururimi karemano, gushungura imiyoboro rusange, gukina chess nibindi.
Kwiga imashini
Kwiga imashini ni ugukoresha ubwenge bwubuhanga kandi bivuga sisitemu ifite ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere mubyababayeho. Ikintu cyingenzi hano ni uko sisitemu ikeneye kumenya kumenya imiterere. Kugirango ubashe gukora sisitemu igomba guhugurwa: algorithm igaburira amakuru menshi kuburyo mugihe runaka irashobora kumenya imiterere. Intego nukwemerera mudasobwa kwiga byikora nta gutabara kwabantu cyangwa ubufasha.
Iyo uvuga ibijyanye no kwiga imashini, ni ngombwa kuvuga imyigire yimbitse. Reka dutangire tuvuga ko kimwe mubikoresho byingenzi bikoreshwa mukwiga byimbitse ari imiyoboro yubukorikori. Izo ni algorithms zahumetswe n'imiterere n'imikorere y'ubwonko, nubwo bikunda kuba bihagaze kandi bigereranya, ntabwo ari plastike nibisa nkubwonko bwibinyabuzima. Rero, kwiga byimbitse nuburyo bwihariye bwo kwiga imashini bushingiye kumurongo wubwonko bwa artile intego yabyo ni iyo kwigana uburyo abantu biga kandi iki nigikoresho gikomeye cyo gushakisha imiterere ari myinshi cyane kubantu bategura porogaramu yo kwigisha imashini. Mu myaka mike ishize haravuzwe byinshi kubyerekeye imodoka zitagira shoferi nuburyo zishobora guhindura ubuzima bwacu. Ikoranabuhanga ryimbitse ni urufunguzo hano, kuko rigabanya impanuka zifasha imodoka gutandukanya abanyamaguru n’umuriro w’umuriro cyangwa kumenya itara ritukura. Tekinoroji yimbitse yiga kandi igira uruhare runini mugucunga amajwi mubikoresho nka tableti, terefone, frigo, TV nibindi. Isosiyete ikora ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi ikunze gukoresha imiyoboro yubukorikori nka sisitemu yo kuyungurura igerageza guhanura no kwerekana ibintu umukoresha yifuza buy buy. Ubuhanga bwimbitse bwo kwiga nabwo bukoreshwa mubuvuzi. Ifasha abashakashatsi ba kanseri guhita bamenya ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri bityo bikerekana iterambere rinini mu kuvura kanseri.
Kumenyekanisha imvugo
Tekinoroji yo kumenyekanisha imvugo ikora kugirango imenye amagambo ninteruro bigize ururimi ruvugwa no kuyihindura muburyo busomeka kumashini. Mugihe porogaramu zimwe zishobora kumenya gusa umubare muto winteruro, gahunda zimwe na zimwe zinoze zo kumenyekanisha imvugo zirashobora gusobanura imvugo karemano.
Hari inzitizi zo gutsinda?
Nubwo byoroshye, tekinoroji yo kumenya imvugo ntabwo buri gihe igenda neza kandi iracyafite ibibazo bike byo gukemura, nkuko bikomeza gutera imbere. Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka birashobora gushiramo mubindi bikurikira: ubwiza bwamajwi bushobora kuba budahagije, hashobora kubaho urusaku rwinyuma bigatuma bigora kumva uwatanze ikiganiro, nanone uwatanze ikiganiro ashobora kuba afite imvugo ikomeye cyangwa imvugo ikomeye (wabikoze? wigeze wumva imvugo ya Geordie?), nibindi.
Kumenyekanisha imvugo byateye imbere cyane, ariko biracyari kure cyane. Ntabwo byose ari amagambo gusa, imashini ntishobora gukora ibintu byinshi abantu bashobora: ntibashobora gusoma imvugo yumubiri cyangwa kumenya imvugo isebanya mumajwi yumuntu. Abantu akenshi ntibavuga ijambo ryose muburyo bukwiye kandi bakunda kugabanya amagambo amwe. Kurugero, iyo uvuga byihuse kandi bidasanzwe, abavuga icyongereza kavukire bakunze kuvuga "kujya" nka "gonna." Ibi byose byavuzwe haruguru, bitera inzitizi kumashini bagerageza gutsinda, ariko haracyari inzira ndende imbere yabo. Ni ngombwa kwerekana ko nkuko amakuru menshi kandi menshi agaburirwa kuri algorithm yihariye; ibibazo bisa nkaho bigabanuka. Ejo hazaza hamenyekana imvugo isa nkaho ari nziza.
Imikoreshereze yimikoreshereze yijwi iragenda iboneka kandi ikundwa murugo. Birashobora no guhinduka URUBUGA rukurikira mubuhanga.
Gglot itanga imvugo yamenyekanye muburyo bwa serivisi yo kwandukura byikora - duhindura disikuru kumyandiko. Serivise yacu iroroshye gukoresha, ntabwo bizagutwara byinshi kandi bizakorwa vuba!