Udindo wa Artificial Intelligence ndi Kuphunzira kwa Makina pa Kuzindikira Kulankhula

Udindo wa Artificial Intelligence ndi Kuphunzira kwa Makina pa Kuzindikira Kulankhula

Kwa nthawi yaitali, anthu ankafuna kulankhula ndi makina. Kuyambira pomwe adayamba kupanga makompyuta, asayansi ndi mainjiniya ayesa kuphatikiza kuzindikira kwamawu munjirayi. M'chaka cha 1962, IBM idayambitsa Shoebox, makina ozindikira mawu omwe amatha kuwerengera masamu osavuta. Kachipangizo katsopano kameneka kanazindikira ndi kuyankha ku mawu 16, kuphatikizapo manambala khumi kuchokera “0” mpaka “9.” Pamene nambala ndi mawu olamula monga “plus,” “minus” ndi “total” analankhulidwa, Shoebox analangiza makina owonjezera kuti aŵerengere ndi kusindikiza mayankho amavuto osavuta a masamu. Shoebox inkagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhula ndi maikolofoni, yomwe inkatembenuza mawu kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi. Dera loyezera limayika zotengera izi molingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu ndikuyatsa makina owonjezera omwe adalumikizidwa kudzera panjira yolumikizirana.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, luso limeneli linakula ndipo lero ambiri aife timalumikizana pafupipafupi ndi makompyuta ndi mawu. Othandizira mawu otchuka kwambiri masiku ano ndi Alexa ndi Amazon, Siri ndi Apple, Google Assistant ndi Cortana ndi Microsoft. Othandizira awa amatha kugwira ntchito kapena ntchito kwa munthu payekha malinga ndi malamulo kapena mafunso. Amatha kutanthauzira zolankhula za anthu ndikuyankha kudzera m'mawu opangidwa. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kufunsa mafunso othandizira awo, kuyang'anira zida zopangira kunyumba ndi kusewerera makanema kudzera pamawu, ndikuwongolera ntchito zina zofunika monga maimelo, mndandanda wa zochita, ndi makalendala okhala ndi malamulo apamawu. Tikamagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zoyendetsedwa ndi mawu ndizomwe timakhala kudalira nzeru zamakono (AI) ndi kuphunzira pamakina.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Mukamanena kuti Artificial Intelligence (AI), anthu ambiri angaganize kuti mukukamba za zopeka za sayansi, ngakhale AI imakhala yokhazikika pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipotu zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, zinalidi zopeka za sayansi zomwe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma ²⁰ zidadziwika bwino ndi maloboti anzeru ngati anthu. M'zaka za m'ma 50s malingaliro a AI adabwera mochulukirapo ndi chidwi cha asayansi ndi anzeru. Panthawiyo katswiri wa masamu wa ku Britain, Alan Turing, ananena kuti palibe chifukwa chimene makina sankatha (monga anthu) kuthetsa mavuto ndi kupanga zisankho mogwirizana ndi zomwe zilipo. Koma panthawiyo, makompyuta analibe mwayi woloweza pamtima zomwe ndizofunikira panzeru. Zonse zimene iwo anachita ndi kumvera malamulo. Komabe, anali Alan Turing yemwe adakhazikitsa cholinga chachikulu ndi masomphenya anzeru zopangira.

Wodziwika kwambiri monga tate wa AI ndi John McCarthy yemwe adayambitsa mawu akuti intelligence intelligence . Kwa iye AI inali: "sayansi ndi uinjiniya wopanga makina anzeru". Tanthauzoli lidaperekedwa pamsonkhano ku Dartmouth College mu 1956 ndipo lidawonetsa chiyambi cha kafukufuku wa AI. Kuyambira pamenepo AI idakula.

M'dziko lamakono nzeru zopangapanga zili paliponse. Zakhala zodziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma data, ma aligorivimu apamwamba, komanso kukonza mphamvu zamakompyuta ndi kusungirako. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ya AI imalumikizidwa ndi ntchito zanzeru. Timagwiritsa ntchito AI pomasulira, chinthu, kuzindikira nkhope ndi mawu, kuzindikira mitu, kusanthula zithunzi zachipatala, kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe, kusefa pamaneti ochezera, kusewera chess etc.

Kuphunzira makina

Kuphunzira pamakina ndikugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga ndipo kumatanthawuza ku machitidwe omwe amatha kusintha kuchokera pazomwe adakumana nazo. Chofunikira kwambiri apa ndikuti dongosolo liyenera kudziwa momwe mungazindikire mawonekedwe. Kuti izi zitheke, dongosololi liyenera kuphunzitsidwa: ndondomekoyi imadyetsa deta yambiri kotero nthawi ina imatha kuzindikira machitidwe. Cholinga chake ndikulola makompyuta kuti aphunzire okha popanda kulowererapo kapena kuthandizidwa ndi anthu.

Polankhula za kuphunzira pamakina, ndikofunikira kutchula kuphunzira mozama. Tiyeni tiyambe kunena kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira mwakuya ndi ma neural network opangira. Awa ndi ma aligorivimu omwe amawuziridwa ndi kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a ubongo, ngakhale amakhala osasunthika komanso ophiphiritsa, osati pulasitiki ndi analogi ngati ubongo wachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kuphunzira mozama ndi njira yapadera yophunzirira pamakina yozikidwa pa neural network yochita kupanga cholinga chake ndikutengera momwe anthu amaphunzirira ndipo izi zimakhala ngati chida chachikulu chopezera mapatani omwe ndi ochulukirachulukira kuti wopanga mapulogalamu angaphunzitse makinawo. M’zaka zingapo zapitazi pakhala nkhani zambiri zokhudza magalimoto osayendetsa komanso mmene angasinthire miyoyo yathu. Ukadaulo wophunzirira mwakuya ndiwo fungulo pano, chifukwa umachepetsa ngozi popangitsa galimotoyo kusiyanitsa woyenda pansi ndi chowongolera moto kapena kuzindikira kuwala kofiira. Ukadaulo wophunzirira mwakuya umagwiranso ntchito yayikulu pakuwongolera mawu pazida monga mapiritsi, mafoni, mafiriji, ma TV ndi zina. Makampani a e-commerce nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde a neural ochita kupanga ngati njira yosefera yomwe imayesa kulosera ndikuwonetsa zinthu zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito angafune. kugula. Ukadaulo wophunzirira mozama umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazachipatala. Zimathandizira ofufuza a khansa kuti adzizindikire okha ma cell a khansa ndipo motero zimayimira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakuchiza khansa.

Kuzindikira mawu

Ukadaulo wozindikira mawu umathandizira kuzindikira mawu ndi ziganizo zomwe zimapanga chilankhulo cholankhulidwa ndikusintha kukhala mawonekedwe owerengeka pamakina. Ngakhale kuti mapulogalamu ena amatha kuzindikira mawu ochepa chabe, mapulogalamu ena apamwamba kwambiri ozindikira mawu amatha kumasulira mawu achilengedwe.

Kodi pali zolepheretsa?

Ngakhale kuti ndi yabwino, ukadaulo wozindikira mawu nthawi zonse suyenda bwino ndipo umakhalabe ndi zovuta zingapo, chifukwa umapangidwa mosalekeza. Mavuto omwe angakhalepo angaphatikizepo pakati pa ena awa: mtundu wa kujambula ungakhale wosakwanira, pangakhale phokoso kumbuyo komwe kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumvetsa wokamba nkhani, komanso wokamba nkhani angakhale ndi katchulidwe kolimba kwambiri kapena chinenero (kodi munamvapo chilankhulo cha Geordie?), ndi zina zotero.

Kuzindikira zolankhula kwakula kwambiri, komabe sikuli bwino. Sikuti zonse zimangokhudza mawu, makina sangathebe kuchita zinthu zambiri zomwe anthu angathe: sangathe kuwerenga chinenero cha thupi kapena kuzindikira mawu achipongwe m'mawu a munthu. Nthawi zambiri anthu samatchula liwu lililonse moyenera ndipo amakonda kufupikitsa mawu ena. Mwachitsanzo, polankhula mwachangu komanso mwamwayi, olankhula Chingerezi amakonda kutchula "kupita" ngati "gonna." Zonse zomwe tatchulazi, zimayambitsa zolepheretsa makina omwe akuyesera kuwagonjetsa, koma pali njira yayitali patsogolo pawo. Ndikofunikira kuwunikira kuti monga momwe deta yochulukirapo ikudyetsera ma aligorivimu enieniwo; mavuto akuwoneka akuchepa. Tsogolo lachidziwitso chodziwikiratu chakulankhula likuwoneka lowala.

Njira zolumikizirana ndi mawu zikuchulukirachulukira komanso kutchuka m'mabanja. Itha kukhalanso nsanja yotsatira yaukadaulo.

Gglot imapereka chidziwitso chodziwikiratu chamalankhulidwe ngati ntchito zolembera zokha - timasintha malankhulidwe kukhala mawu. Ntchito yathu ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, sizidzakutengerani ndalama zambiri ndipo ichitika mwachangu!