Basa reArtificial Intelligence uye Kudzidza Muchina muKuzivikanwa Kwekutaura

Basa reArtificial Intelligence uye Kudzidza Muchina muKuzivikanwa Kwekutaura

Kwenguva yakareba, vanhu vaida kukwanisa kutaura nemichina. Kubva pavakatanga kugadzira makomputa, sainzi nevainjiniya vakaedza kubatanidza kuzivikanwa kwekutaura mukuita. Mugore ra1962, IBM yakaunza Shoebox, muchina wekuziva kutaura waigona kuita masvomhu akareruka. Muchina mutsva uyu wakaziva uye wakapindura mashoko 16 akataurwa, kusanganisira manhamba gumi kubva pana “0” kusvika “9.” Pakataurwa nhamba nemashoko ekuraira akadai sa“plus,” “minus” uye “total”, Shoebox yakaraira muchina wekuwedzera kuverenga uye kudhinda mhinduro kumatambudziko ari nyore esvomhu. Shoebox yaishandiswa nekutaura mumaikorofoni, iyo yaishandura manzwi kuva masimba emagetsi. Dunhu rekuyeresa rakaronga aya mafambiro zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemanzwi uye yakamisa iyo yakabatanidzwa yekuwedzera muchina kuburikidza nerelay system.

Nekufamba kwenguva, tekinoroji iyi yakagadziridzwa uye nhasi vazhinji vedu tinogara tichidyidzana nemakomputa nezwi. Vanonyanya kufarirwa vabatsiri vezwi nhasi Alexa neAmazon, Siri neApple, Google Assistant uye Cortana neMicrosoft. Ava vabatsiri vanogona kuita mabasa kana masevhisi kumunhu zvichienderana nemirairo kana mibvunzo. Vanokwanisa kududzira kutaura kwevanhu uye kupindura kuburikidza nemanzwi akagadzirwa. Vashandisi vanogona kubvunza mibvunzo yevabatsiri vavo, kudzora maotomatiki epamba uye kutamba kwenhepfenyuro kuburikidza nezwi, uye kugadzirisa mamwe mabasa akakosha akadai seemail, zvinyorwa zvekuita, uye makarenda ane mirairo yekutaura. Kana tikanyanya kushandisa zvishandiso izvi zvinofambiswa nenzwi ndipo patinowedzera kukura. zvinoenderana nehungwaru hwekugadzira (AI) uye kudzidza muchina.

Artificial intelligence (AI)

Kana iwe uchiti artificial intelligence (AI), vanhu vazhinji vanogona kufunga kuti uri kutaura nezve sainzi ngano, kunyangwe AI yakadzikwa zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese. Kutaura zvazviri, kwave kuri kwemakumi emakore. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti, yaive chokwadi ngano yesainzi iyo pakutanga kwezana ramakore ^rechi20 yakajairira veruzhinji nemarobhoti akangwara-akafanana nevanhu. Muma50s pfungwa dzeAI dzakauya zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya mukutarisa kwekufarira kwesainzi nevazivi. Panguva iyoyo nyanzvi yemasvomhu yechidiki yekuBritain Alan Turing akataura kuti hapana chikonzero nei michina isingagone (sezvinongoita vanhu) kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kuita sarudzo zvichienderana neruzivo rwuripo. Asi panguva iyoyo, makomputa akange asina mukana wekubata nemusoro chinova kiyi yehungwaru. Chavakaita chete kuita mirairo. Asi zvakadaro, aive Alan Turing uyo akamisa chinangwa chakakosha uye chiono chehungwaru hwekugadzira.

Anonyanya kuzivikanwa sababa veAI ndiJohn McCarthy uyo akatanga izwi rekuti hungwaru hwekugadzira . Kwaari AI yaive: "sainzi uye engineering yekugadzira michina yakangwara". Tsanangudzo iyi yakapihwa pamusangano paDartmouth College muna 1956 uye yakaratidza kutanga kwekutsvaga kweAI. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, AI yakabudirira.

Munyika yanhasi njere dzekugadzira dziri pese pese. Yakave yakakurumbira nekuda kwekuwedzera data mavhoriyamu, advanced algorithms, uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekombuta uye kuchengetedza. Kazhinji AI application yakabatana nemabasa ehungwaru. Isu tinoshandisa AI kududzira, chinhu, chiso uye kuzivikanwa kwekutaura, kuona musoro, kuongororwa kwemifananidzo yekurapa, kugadzirisa mutauro wechisikigo, kusefa pasocial network, kutamba chess nezvimwe.

Machine kudzidza

Kudzidza kwemuchina iko kushandisa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira uye zvinoreva masisitimu ane kugona kuvandudza kubva kune yavo ruzivo. Chinonyanya kukosha apa ndechekuti sisitimu inoda kuziva maitiro ekuziva maitiro. Kuti ugone kuita izvo system inoda kudzidziswa: iyo algorithm inodyisa huwandu hukuru hwe data saka pane imwe nguva inokwanisa kuona mapatani. Chinangwa ndechekubvumira makomputa kuti adzidze otomatiki pasina kupindira kwevanhu kana rubatsiro.

Kana tichitaura nezvekudzidza kwemuchina, zvakakosha kuti titaure kudzidza kwakadzama. Ngatitange nekutaura kuti chimwe chezvishandiso zvikuru zvinoshandiswa mukudzidza kwakadzama ndeye artificial neural network. Aya ndiwo maalgorithms anofemerwa nechimiro uye kushanda kwehuropi, kunyangwe iwo anowanzo kuve akamira uye anofananidzira, uye kwete epurasitiki neanalogi sehuropi hwehupenyu. Saka, kudzidza kwakadzama inzira yakasarudzika yekudzidza muchina yakavakirwa paartificial neural network chinangwa chiri chekudzokorora nzira iyo vanhu vanodzidza uye izvi zvinoshanda sechishandiso chikuru chekutsvaga mapatani akawandisa kuti mugadziri wepurogiramu adzidzise muchina. Mumakore mashoma apfuura kwave nekutaura kwakawanda pamusoro pemotokari dzisingatyairi uye kuti dzingashandura sei hupenyu hwedu. Tekinoroji yekudzidza kwakadzama ndiyo kiyi pano, nekuti inoderedza tsaona nekuita kuti mota ikwanise kusiyanisa munhu anofamba netsoka kubva mupombi yemoto kana kuziva mwenje dzvuku. Tekinoroji yekudzidza kwakadzama inoitawo basa guru mukudzora inzwi mumidziyo yakaita semahwendefa, nharembozha, mafiriji, maTV nezvimwe. Makambani e-e-commerce anowanzo shandisa artificial neural network sesefa system inoedza kufanotaura uye kuratidza zvinhu izvo mushandisi angada buy. Tekinoroji yekudzidza yakadzama inoshandiswawo mune zvekurapa. Inobatsira vanoongorora cancer kuti vaone otomatiki maseru egomarara uye nekudaro inomiririra kufambira mberi kukuru mukurapa cancer.

Kuzivikanwa kwekutaura

Tekinoroji yekuziva kutaura inoshanda kuona mazwi nemitsara kuumba mutauro unotaurwa uye kuashandura kuita chimiro chinoverengeka chemuchina. Nepo mamwe mapurogiramu achingokwanisa kuona nhamba shoma yezvirevo, mamwe madhigirii ekuziva matauriro anogona kududzira matauriro chaiwo.

Pane zvipingamupinyi zvokukunda here?

Kunyange zviri nyore, tekinoroji yekuziva kutaura haiwanzo kufamba zvakanaka uye ichine nyaya shoma dzekugadzirisa, sezvo ichiramba ichigadzirwa. Matambudziko angamuka anogona kusanganisira pakati pezvimwe zvinotevera: kunaka kwekurekodhwa kunogona kunge kusina kukwana, panogona kuva neruzha kumashure izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kunzwisisa mutauri, zvakare mutauri anogona kunge aine matauriro akasimba kana kuti ndimi (wakaita here? wakambonzwa mutauro weGeordie?), nezvimwewo.

Kuzivikanwa kwekutaura kwakakura zvakanyanya, asi kuchiri kure nekuve kwakakwana. Hazvisi zvese zviri zvemashoko chete, muchina haugone kuita zvinhu zvakawanda izvo vanhu vanogona: havagone kuverenga mutauro wemuviri kana kuziva kutsvinya kwezwi remumwe munhu. Vanhu kazhinji havataure mazwi ese nenzira kwayo uye vanowanzopfupisa mamwe mazwi. Semuenzaniso, kana uchitaura nekukurumidza uye zvisina kurongeka, vatauri veChirungu vanowanzo taura kuti "kuenda" se "gonna." Zvese zviri pamusoro, zvinokonzeresa zvipingamupinyi zvemichina yavari kuyedza kukunda, asi pachine nzira refu pamberi pavo. Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kuti sezvo yakawanda uye yakawanda data iri kudyiswa kune iwo chaiwo algorithms; matambudziko anoita seaderera. Ramangwana rekuzivikanwa kwekutaura rinoita kunge rakajeka.

Voice-powered user interfaces ari kuramba achiwanikwa uye akakurumbira mudzimba. Inogona kutova IYO inotevera chikuva mune tekinoroji.

Gglot inopa ruzivo rwematauriro rweotomatiki nenzira yeautomated transcription services - tinoshandura matauriro kuita mavara. Sevhisi yedu iri nyore kushandisa, haizokudhure zvakanyanya uye ichaitwa nekukurumidza!