Kumenyekanisha Imvugo ni iki?

Kumenyekanisha imvugo

Ibyo ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye kumenya imvugo

Iyo tuvuga kumenyekanisha imvugo, mubisanzwe tuba dushaka kuvuga software ifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya ijambo rivuzwe no kuyandika muri gahunda kuburyo amaherezo ufite ibintu byose byavuzwe muburyo bwanditse. Bikunze no kwitwa "imvugo-ku-mwandiko". Mu ntangiriro iyo software yari ifite amahirwe make cyane, kuburyo ushobora guhindura umubare muto wimvugo. Hamwe nigihe, tekinoroji yinyuma ya software imenyekanisha imvugo yateye imbere cyane kandi ubu irarenze cyane, kuburyo ishobora kumenya indimi zitandukanye ndetse nizindi nyito. Ariko ntiwumve, haracyari akazi kagomba gukorwa muriki gice.

Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko kumenyekanisha imvugo bidasa no kumenya amajwi, nubwo rimwe na rimwe abantu bakoresha amagambo abiri kubintu bimwe. Kumenyekanisha amajwi bikoreshwa mukumenya umuntu uvuga no kutamenya ibivugwa.

Amateka magufi yo kumenya imvugo nubuhanga bujyanye nayo

Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasobanura muri make amateka nikoranabuhanga byihishe inyuma yo kumenyekanisha imvugo.

Kuva umuseke utangira ibihe bya digitale, abantu bari bafite ubushake bwo uburyo runaka bwo kuvugana nimashini. Nyuma yubwoko bwa mbere bwa mudasobwa ya digitale imaze kuvumburwa, abahanga naba injeniyeri benshi bagerageje muburyo butandukanye kugirango bashire mubikorwa kumenyekanisha imvugo muriki gikorwa. Umwaka w'ingenzi muri iki gikorwa ni 1962, igihe IBM yerekanaga Shoebox, imashini y'ibanze yo kumenya imvugo yashoboye gukora imibare yoroshye. Niba ukoresha iyi proto-mudasobwa yavugiye muri mikoro, iyi mashini yashoboye kumenya amagambo agera kuri atandatu yo kugenzura nka "plus" cyangwa "gukuramo". Igihe kirenze, tekinoroji iri inyuma yiterambere kandi uyumunsi biramenyerewe cyane guhuza mudasobwa nijwi. Hariho moteri nyinshi zizwi zo kumenya imvugo nka Siri cyangwa Alexa. Ni ngombwa kumenya ibyo bikoresho bikoresha amajwi biterwa n'ubwenge bwa artile (AI) no kwiga imashini.

Iyo ubwenge bwa artificiel (AI) buvuzwe, bushobora kumvikana nkikintu kiva muri firime ya siyanse, ariko ukuri ni uko muri iki gihe AI igira uruhare runini ku isi yacu. Mubyukuri, AI isanzwe igaragara mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, kubera ko porogaramu na porogaramu nyinshi zimaze kubikoresha. Ariko byari ibihimbano bya siyansi mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, igihe iryo jambo ryagaragaye. Mu mpera za 1950 imyumvire ya AI yarushijeho kwigaragaza kandi yibandwaho cyane nabahanga nabafilozofe. Muri kiriya gihe, umunyamibare ukomeye cyane w’abongereza witwa Alan Turing yazanye igitekerezo kivuga ko imashini zishobora gukemura ibibazo no kwifatira ibyemezo ubwazo, zishingiye ku gutanga amakuru ahari. Ikibazo nuko mudasobwa zitari zifite amahirwe yo gufata mu mutwe ayo makuru, akaba ari intambwe ikomeye yo guteza imbere ubwenge bw’ubukorikori. Ibyo bashoboye gukora icyo gihe kwari ugukora amategeko yoroshye.

Irindi zina ryingenzi mugutezimbere AI ni John McCarthy, wahimbye bwa mbere ijambo "ubwenge bwubwenge". McCarthy yavuze ko AI ari: “siyanse n'ubuhanga bwo gukora imashini zifite ubwenge”. Ubu busobanuro bwamenyekanye mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo yabereye muri Dartmouth College mu 1956. Kuva icyo gihe AI yatangiye gutera imbere ku buryo bukabije.

Uyu munsi, ubwenge bwubukorikori muburyo butandukanye burahari hose. Byakuze kugeza kubantu benshi, cyane cyane bitewe no kwiyongera kwinshi muri rusange ryamakuru ahererekanwa kwisi yose burimunsi. Ikoreshwa muri algorithm igezweho, kandi yatumye habaho iterambere mububiko no kubara imbaraga. AI ikoreshwa mubintu byinshi, urugero nko guhindura, kwandukura, kuvuga, isura no kumenyekanisha ibintu, gusesengura amashusho yubuvuzi, gutunganya indimi karemano, imiyoboro itandukanye ihuza abantu n'ibindi. Wibuke ko umukino wa chess uhuza nyirakuru Gari Kasparov na Chess Blue Blue chess AI?

Kwiga imashini nubundi buryo bukomeye bwubwenge bwubuhanga. Muri make, bivuga sisitemu iyo ariyo yose ifite ubushobozi bwo kwiga no kunoza imibare yububiko bwabo. Ibi bikora muburyo bwo kumenya imiterere. Kugirango sisitemu ikore ibyo igomba kuba ishobora gutozwa. Algorithm ya sisitemu yakira iyinjiza ryinshi ryamakuru, kandi mugihe kimwe irashobora kumenya imiterere iva muri ayo makuru. Intego yanyuma yiki gikorwa ni ugushoboza sisitemu ya mudasobwa kwigira mu bwigenge, bitabaye ngombwa ko abantu batabara cyangwa ubufasha.

Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kuvugwa hamwe no kwiga imashini nukwiga byimbitse. Kimwe mu bikoresho byingenzi mugikorwa cyo kwiga byimbitse nicyo bita imiyoboro yubukorikori. Ni algorithms zateye imbere, zisa n'imiterere n'imikorere y'ubwonko bw'umuntu. Nyamara, birahagaze kandi bigereranya, bitandukanye nubwonko bwibinyabuzima aribwo plastiki kandi bushingiye kuri analogue. Muri make, ubu buryo bwimbitse nuburyo bwihariye bwo kwiga imashini, cyane cyane bushingiye kumiyoboro ya artile. Intego yo kwiga byimbitse nukwigana hafi inzira zabantu. Ubuhanga bwimbitse bwo kwiga ni ingirakamaro cyane, kandi bugira uruhare runini mubikoresho bitandukanye bigenzurwa nijwi - ibinini, televiziyo, telefone zigendanwa, frigo n'ibindi. ko umukoresha yagura mugihe kizaza. Ubuhanga bwimbitse bwo kwiga nabwo bukoreshwa cyane mubijyanye n'ubuvuzi. Ni ngombwa cyane kubashakashatsi ba kanseri, kuko ifasha guhita imenya kanseri ya kanseri.

Noneho tuzagaruka kumenyekanisha imvugo. Iri koranabuhanga, nkuko twigeze kubivuga, rigamije kumenya amagambo ninteruro zitandukanye zururimi ruvugwa. Nyuma, ibahindura muburyo imashini ishoboye gusoma. Porogaramu shingiro igaragaza gusa umubare muto winteruro zingenzi, ariko porogaramu zindi zo kumenyekanisha imvugo zirashobora gusobanura ubwoko bwose bwimvugo isanzwe. Tekinoroji yo kumenyekanisha imvugo iroroshye mubihe byinshi, ariko rimwe na rimwe ihura nibibazo mugihe ubwiza bwamajwi butari bwiza bihagije cyangwa mugihe hari urusaku rwinyuma bigatuma bigora kumva neza abavuga neza. Irashobora kandi guhura nibibazo bimwe na bimwe mugihe uwatanze disikuru afite imvugo ikomeye cyangwa imvugo. Kumenyekanisha imvugo birahora bitera imbere, ariko biracyari byiza rwose. Ntabwo ibintu byose byerekeranye namagambo, imashini ziracyafite ubushobozi mubintu byinshi abantu bashobora gukora, kurugero ntibashobora gusobanura imvugo yumubiri cyangwa amajwi yumuntu. Ariko, nkuko amakuru menshi asobanurwa nizi algorithm zateye imbere, zimwe murizo mbogamizi zisa nkigabanuka mubibazo. Ninde uzi ibizaza? Biragoye kumenya aho kumenyekanisha imvugo bizarangirira. Kurugero, Google isanzwe ifite intsinzi nyinshi mugushyira mubikorwa porogaramu imenyekanisha imvugo muri moteri ya Google Translate, kandi imashini ihora yiga kandi igatera imbere. Birashoboka ko umunsi umwe bazasimbuza abasemuzi bwabantu rwose. Cyangwa birashoboka ko atari byo, imvugo ya buri munsi iragoye cyane kumashini iyo ari yo yose idashobora gusoma ubujyakuzimu bwubugingo bwabantu.

Ni ryari gukoresha imvugo?

Muri iki gihe, abantu hafi ya bose bafite telefone cyangwa tableti. Kumenyekanisha imvugo ni ibintu bisanzwe muri ibyo bikoresho. Bakoreshwa muguhindura imvugo yumuntu mubikorwa. Niba ushaka guhamagara nyogokuru, birahagije ko utegeka "guhamagara nyirakuru" kandi terefone yawe yamaze guhamagara nimero utiriwe wandika ukoresheje urutonde rwawe. Uku ni ukumenya imvugo. Urundi rugero rwiza rwarwo, ni Alexa cyangwa Siri. Bafite kandi iyi mikorere ikomeye-wire muri sisitemu yabo. Google iguha kandi amahitamo yo gushakisha ikintu cyose mumajwi, utanditse mubintu byose.

Birashoboka ko ubu ufite amatsiko yukuntu ibyo byose bikora. Nibyiza, kugirango ikore, sensor nka mikoro igomba kuba yubatswe muri software kugirango amajwi yamagambo yamagambo avugwe amenyekane, asesengurwe kandi ahindurwe muburyo bwa digitale. Amakuru ya digitale noneho agomba kugereranwa nandi makuru abitswe muburyo bumwe bwamagambo nububiko. Iyo hari aho bihurira software irashobora kumenya itegeko kandi igakora.

Ikindi kintu kimwe kigomba kuvugwa muriki gihe nicyo bita WER (igipimo cyikosa ryijambo). Nuburyo bwo kugabanya umubare wikosa hamwe namagambo yose. Rero, kubishyira mumagambo yoroshye, bifite byinshi byo gukora hamwe nukuri. Intego nukuri kugira WER yo hasi, kuko ibi bivuze ko transcript yijambo rivuzwe neza.

Kumenyekanisha imvugo birakenewe nkuko bisanzwe. Niba ukeneye kandi guhindura ijambo ryavuzwe reka tuvuge dosiye y amajwi yafashwe amajwi, urashobora guhindukirira Gglot. Turi serivise yo gutanga inyandiko itanga inyandiko zukuri kubiciro byiza. Noneho, ntutindiganye kuvugana ukoresheje urubuga rworohereza abakoresha.